Mexico P138 (P133) AXOLOTL AJOLOTE Mexico 50 Pesos 2024 2025 commemorative UNC

About this note

Catalog numbering: banknote.ws lists this item as P-W138. The non-commemorative version as P-W133. Numista lists them by The Banknote Book catalog number (only): TBB#723; TBB#714.

Color: purple

Front: Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital, now the site of Mexico City. The eagle with a snake in its beak, atop a cactus: the sign to the Aztecs that they should build their capital in this place. From a painting by Diego Rivera, husband of Frida Kahlo and a renowned artist in his own right.

Commemorative edition, printed under the Banco de México logo is "100th anniversary of the Banco de México" (the central bank, equivalent to the U.S. Federal Reserve). 

Back: Axolotl (that's the Náhuatl term, in Spanish: ajolote) an amphibian in Lake Xochimilco, Mexico City. 

About Tenochtitlán

Tenochtitlan, founded in 1325 on an island in Lake Texcoco, was the political and ceremonial heart of the Mexica (Aztec) world and one of the most sophisticated urban environments of the pre-Columbian Americas. Built on a matrix of causeways, canals, and chinampa districts, it housed temples, palaces, markets, and densely planned neighborhoods connected by a highly efficient water-transport system. At its height, it was a metropolis of perhaps 200,000 people—larger than many European capitals of its era—anchored around the Templo Mayor and governed through a fusion of military authority, tribute networks, and sacral kingship. When the Spanish arrived in 1519–1521, they encountered a city whose scale, hydraulics, and urban engineering were so advanced that chroniclers compared it to Venice; its destruction and subsequent reconstruction as Mexico City reshaped the entire basin.

About Lake Xochimilco

Lake Xochimilco is the last surviving remnant of the interconnected lacustrine system that once filled the Valley of Mexico, a patchwork of freshwater and brackish lakes that supported the hydraulic economy of the Mexica and their neighbors. Located at the southern edge of modern Mexico City, Xochimilco preserves portions of the ancient chinampa networks—rectangular, artificially built agricultural islands stabilized by willow trees and fed by controlled canal water. Although much reduced from its pre-Hispanic expanse, the lake remains a cultural and ecological holdout, where traditional agriculture, local communities, and urban pressures coexist in a delicate balance. Its canals, now a UNESCO World Heritage element, retain the last working fragments of the valley’s pre-colonial hydro-engineering.

About the axolotl / ajolote amphibian

The axolotl (Náhuatl) also known in Spanish as the ajolote (Ambystoma mexicanum) is an iconic neotenic salamander native to the ancient lake system of the Valley of Mexico, especially the cold, spring-fed canals of Xochimilco. Unlike most amphibians, it retains its larval form—external gills, aquatic limbs, and juvenile morphology—throughout adulthood, a biological quirk linked to its stable, cool-water environment. Revered in Mexica mythology as a form of the god Xólotl and respected today as a symbol of Mexico’s endangered biodiversity, the axolotl is famed for its extraordinary regenerative abilities, able to regrow limbs, organs, and sections of its spinal cord. Urban encroachment, water pollution, and invasive species have pushed wild populations to the brink, making Xochimilco’s remaining canals both a last refuge and a focus of urgent conservation efforts.