{"product_id":"slovenia-set-3-pc-p-12-p-13-p-14-or-p-31-20-50-100-toljarev-scientists-national-heroes","title":"Slovenia Set 3 pc—P-12 P-13 \u0026 (P-14 or P-31)—20 50 100 toljarev—1992-2003—UNC","description":"\u003cp\u003eYou will receive banknotes of these designs in \u003cstrong\u003eUncirculated condition.\u003c\/strong\u003e Serial numbers and series vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-path-to-node=\"5\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"citation-13 citation-end-13\"\u003e1. P-12 20 Tolarjev 1992 UNC: \"Slovenia's Leonardo da Vinci\"\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eColor\u003c\/strong\u003e: Yellow and pink multicolor\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFront\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymath (\"Renaissance Man\", master of many sciences and arts) \u003cstrong\u003eJanez Vajkard Valvasor \u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProfile silhouette consisting of microwriting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePair of geodetic \u003cstrong\u003ecompasses \u003c\/strong\u003eused in the science of \u003cstrong\u003egeodesy\u003c\/strong\u003e: measuring and monitoring the\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Earth's size, shape, and its orientation in space.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSegments of the \u003cstrong\u003emap of Slovenia\u003c\/strong\u003e alluding to his mapmaking\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTwo angels\u003c\/strong\u003e, a vignette from Valvasor's \u003cstrong\u003eencyclopedia\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eThe Glory of the Duchy of Carniola\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInscription \u003cem\u003eDulcis ex labore fructus\u003c\/em\u003e, \"\u003cstrong\u003eSweet Is The Fruit of Labor\u003c\/strong\u003e\"\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEngravers\u003c\/strong\u003e: Miljenko Licul, Zvone Kosovelj, Rudi Španzel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJanez Vajkard Valvasor (1641–1693), Slovenia's Leonardo da Vinci\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValvasor was a \"\u003cstrong\u003eRenaissance Man\u003c\/strong\u003e\" in every sense. Born in 1641 in \u003cstrong\u003eLjubljana\u003c\/strong\u003e, then in the Duchy of \u003cstrong\u003eCarniola\u003c\/strong\u003e, part of the \u003cstrong\u003eAustrian Empire\u003c\/strong\u003e, now the capital of Slovenia. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHis expertise covered an incredible range of fields:\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHistoriography\u003c\/strong\u003e: He wrote the \u003cstrong\u003e15-volume encyclopedia \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe Glory of the Duchy of Carniola \u003c\/em\u003e(1689), which remains one of the most important historical sources for the region.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScience\u003c\/strong\u003e: He was a pioneer in the study of karst topography (caves and underground rivers). His explanation of the intermittent Lake Cerknica was so advanced for the time that he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in London.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCartography (mapmaking)\u003c\/strong\u003e: He surveyed and drew detailed maps of Carniola, Croatia, and Carinthia.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMilitary\u003c\/strong\u003e: He spent 14 years traveling Europe and serving as a soldier and commander in the Austrian army.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eA Legacy of \"Labor\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eValvasor’s life is a perfect example of \u003cem\u003eDulcis ex labore fructus\u003c\/em\u003e. \u003cstrong\u003eHe spent his entire personal fortune\u003c\/strong\u003e (including selling his castles) \u003cstrong\u003eto fund the printing \u003c\/strong\u003eand illustrations for his books. While he died in relative poverty, his \"fruit\" was a \u003cstrong\u003epermanent cultural foundation for the Slovenian people.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2. P-13 50 Tolarjev 1992 UNC: the Ballistics Scientist\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFront:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColors: pink, purple and orange; portrait in black\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMathematician Jurij Vega\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSilhouette consisting of microwriting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDrawing from Vega's treatise on ballistics \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTreatise on the Sphere\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eColors: blue and others\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolar system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAcademy of Sciences and Arts (SAZU)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEngravers\u003c\/strong\u003e: Miljenko Licul, Zvone Kosovelj, Rudi Španzel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnother Slovenian Renaissance Man, Jurij Vega (1754–1802)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eVega’s contributions spanned the theoretical and the highly practical:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLogarithmic Tables:\u003c\/strong\u003e His most \u003cstrong\u003efamous work, \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eThesaurus Logarithmorum Completus \u003c\/em\u003e(1794), was a massive \u003cstrong\u003ecollection of mathematical tables.\u003c\/strong\u003e These tables were so accurate that they were \u003cstrong\u003eused globally by scientists and engineers \u003c\/strong\u003efor over 150 years—well \u003cstrong\u003einto the 20th century\u003c\/strong\u003e before electronic calculators existed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCalculating Pi (π): \u003c\/strong\u003eIn 1789, he calculated π to \u003cstrong\u003e140 decimal places\u003c\/strong\u003e, a world record at the time that stood for 52 years. He used the formula:\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\/4 π \u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e =5 arctan 1\/7\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e + 2 arctan 1\/18 + 3 arctan 1\/31\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMilitary Ballistics: \u003c\/strong\u003eAs a high-ranking \u003cstrong\u003eofficer in the Austrian artillery, \u003c\/strong\u003ehe revolutionized \u003cstrong\u003ehow cannons were aimed.\u003c\/strong\u003e He applied his mathematical genius to calculate the trajectories of projectiles, \u003cstrong\u003emaking artillery far more precise.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Metric System:\u003c\/strong\u003e He was a huge advocate and helped \u003cstrong\u003eintroduce the metric system to the Austrian Empire,\u003c\/strong\u003e long before it became a global standard.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eBorn: \u003cstrong\u003e1754\u003c\/strong\u003e in \u003c\/span\u003eZagorica pri Dolskem, \u003cstrong\u003eDuchy of Carniola\u003c\/strong\u003e (modern-day Slovenia), which had been \u003cstrong\u003epart of Austria \u003c\/strong\u003esince the 1300s. He was born into a poor peasant family, making his rise to the nobility (becoming a \"Baron\") even more impressive.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDeath: September 26, 1802 (aged 48) in \u003cstrong\u003eVienna\u003c\/strong\u003e. His death remains a bit of a mystery; his body was found in the Danube river, and while some called it an accident, others suspected foul play by a jealous rival.\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e3. 100 Tolarjev (P-14 1992 or P-31 2003) UNC: Architect of Slovenian Art\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote, the 100 tolarjev note was first issued in 1992 and has the catalog no. P-14. The 2003 reprint has the catalog no. P-31\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eColor\u003c\/strong\u003e: yellow and pink. Portrait in black and white.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFront\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImpressionist painter Rihard Jakopič\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSilhouette\u003c\/strong\u003e consisting of microwriting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePainter's \u003cstrong\u003epalette\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTwo \u003cstrong\u003epaintbrushes\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWatermark: \u003c\/strong\u003eRihard Jakopič\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDetail from Jakopic's famous \u003cstrong\u003epainting\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e\"The Sun\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePlan of the former \u003cstrong\u003eJakopic Pavilion \u003c\/strong\u003ein Ljubljana, which was the first purpose-built art gallery in Ljubljana. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEngravers:\u003c\/strong\u003e Miljenko Licul, Zvone Kosovelj, Rudi Španzel: Miljenko Licul, Zvone Kosovelj, Rudi Španzel\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRihard Jakopič, \u003cspan\u003eArchitect of a Distinctly Slovenian Art Scene\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJakopič wasn't just a man who painted; he was a cultural visionary who dragged Slovenian art into the modern era:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlovenian Impressionism: \u003c\/strong\u003eAlong with three other painters (the \"Slovenian Four\"), he adapted the French Impressionist style to the specific light and landscape of the Slovenian countryside.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCultural Infrastructure: \u003c\/strong\u003eAt the time, Ljubljana had no place to show modern art. Jakopič \u003cstrong\u003eused his own money\u003c\/strong\u003e to build the \u003cstrong\u003eJakopič Pavilion \u003c\/strong\u003ein 1908 so that local artists had a home.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNational Identity through Art:\u003c\/strong\u003e Jakopič believed that for \u003cstrong\u003eSlovenia to be a \"real\" nation\u003c\/strong\u003e, it needed \u003cstrong\u003eits own distinct visual language\u003c\/strong\u003e, not just a copy of what was happening in Vienna or Paris.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eJakopič’s life is another example of \u003cem\u003eDulcis ex labore fructus\u003c\/em\u003e. He struggled for decades against critics who thought Impressionism was \"messy\" or \"unfinished.\" By the time he died, he was a \u003cstrong\u003enational hero\u003c\/strong\u003e. In a bittersweet twist, \u003cstrong\u003ehis beloved art pavilion was demolished by the Communist government in 1962 \u003c\/strong\u003eto make way for a railway line, which is why its appearance on the 100 Tolarjev note is so important to collectors—it is a \u003cstrong\u003ememorial to a lost piece of history.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBirth\u003c\/strong\u003e: 1869, Ljubljana, Carniola, part of Austria-Hungary\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeath\u003c\/strong\u003e: 1943 (aged 74), Ljubljana, Yugoslavia\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSlovenia and the Euro (and the Tolar and the Dollar)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlovenia launched its first own currency, the tolar in October 1991 (plural \u003cstrong\u003etolarjev\u003c\/strong\u003e). \u003cstrong\u003eThe word tolar\u003c\/strong\u003e, the same as d\u003cstrong\u003eollar\u003c\/strong\u003e, is derived from the medieval coin the \u003cstrong\u003eThaler\u003c\/strong\u003e, which in turn was named after the city of \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title='\"Jáchymov\" article at Wikipedia' href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/J%C3%A1chymov\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJoachimsthal\u003c\/a\u003e, where they were minted, in Bohemia, now part of the Czech Republic. At first the tolar was \u003cstrong\u003epegged to the Deutsche mark at 32 tolarjev \u003c\/strong\u003eto the mark, around \u003cstrong\u003e51.5 tolarjev to the US dollar.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 2007, the tolar was worth one fourth of its initial value in Deutsche marks, at 122.5 tolarjev to the mark. In that year, Slovenia adopted the euro and tolarjev were converted at \u003cstrong\u003e239.64 tolarjev to the euro.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51801857032503,"sku":"SISET3-12-14U","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/Setof3.jpg?v=1773966197","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/slovenia-set-3-pc-p-12-p-13-p-14-or-p-31-20-50-100-toljarev-scientists-national-heroes","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}