{"product_id":"peru-p130-or-p131-50-intis-1985-1987-unc-the-caliph-president-oil-rig-helicopter-copy","title":"Peru P132 or P133 100 Intis 1985-1987 UNC—From Slave to President—Cotton","description":"\u003cp\u003ePeru's 100-inti note honors a man who rose from \u003cstrong\u003eslavery to the presidency\u003c\/strong\u003e — three times — and pairs him with a woman operating an industrial cotton spinning machine, a quiet nod to the economy he helped modernize.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFront\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eSalmon\/rose-pink background; dark brown\/maroon engraving on portrait and coat of arms; orange-red right border panel; black serial number\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePortrait:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ramón Castilla, right side\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCenter:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peruvian coat of arms\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuer name:\u003c\/strong\u003e BANCO CENTRAL de RESERVA del PERÚ across top\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/strong\u003e \"100\" both right corners and below arms; \"CIEN INTIS\" at bottom\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e Varies by date — see Other Characteristics below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eBack\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eTan\/beige background; dark brown\/black engraving on spinning machine scene; orange-red pre-Columbian decorative motifs right side; orange \"100\" rosette top right\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eScene:\u003c\/strong\u003e Woman operating an industrial ring spinning machine with large cotton bobbins in foreground\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuer name:\u003c\/strong\u003e BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ across top\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDenomination:\u003c\/strong\u003e \"100\" lower left and top right; \"CIEN INTIS\" at bottom center\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinter imprint:\u003c\/strong\u003e BUNDESDRUCKEREI, lower left (P133 only)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOther Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties:\u003c\/strong\u003e You may receive any variety:\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP132a \/ TBB B470a — 1985-Feb-01, Casa da Moeda do Brasil; Sigs: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcrp.gob.pe\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRichard Charles Webb Duarte\u003c\/a\u003e (Pres.), Carlos Morales Macchiavello (Dir.), Héctor Neyra Chavarry (Gen. Mgr.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP132a \/ TBB B470b — 1985-Mar-01, Casa da Moeda do Brasil; Sigs: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcrp.gob.pe\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRichard Charles Webb Duarte\u003c\/a\u003e (Pres.), Felipe Cebrecos Revilla (Dir.), Héctor Neyra Chavarry (Gen. Mgr.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP132b \/ TBB B470c — 1986-Mar-06, Casa da Moeda do Brasil; Sigs: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcrp.gob.pe\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eLeonel Figueroa Ramírez\u003c\/a\u003e (Pres.), Carlos Capuñay Mimbela (Dir.), Héctor Neyra Chavarry (Gen. Mgr.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP133a \/ TBB B471a — 1987-Jun-26, Bundesdruckerei; Sigs: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcrp.gob.pe\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCarlos Capuñay Mimbela\u003c\/a\u003e (Pres.), Luis Guiulfo Zender (Dir.), César Farrari Quiñe (Gen. Mgr.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog numbers:\u003c\/strong\u003e P132 \/ P133; TBB B470 \/ B471; Numista N#203274\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWatermark:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ramón Castilla\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 150 × 75 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Reserve Bank of Peru (Banco Central de Reserva del Perú)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinters:\u003c\/strong\u003e Casa da Moeda do Brasil (P132) · Bundesdruckerei, Berlin (P133)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDemonetized\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1 July 1991\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Peruvian_inti\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eInti\u003c\/a\u003e (1985–1991)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFrom Slave to President — Three Times\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ram%C3%B3n_Castilla\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRamón Castilla y Marquesado\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e (\u003cstrong\u003e1797–1867\u003c\/strong\u003e) had one of the most improbable careers in Latin American history. Born in what is now Chile to a family of mixed heritage, he was \u003cstrong\u003eenslaved as a young man\u003c\/strong\u003e — captured during the wars of independence and held in Argentina. He escaped, returned to Peru, and rose through the military ranks to become the country's dominant political figure of the mid-19th century, serving as president \u003cstrong\u003ethree times\u003c\/strong\u003e (1845–1851, 1855–1862, and briefly in 1863). His most consequential act: in \u003cstrong\u003e1854\u003c\/strong\u003e he issued two decrees abolishing \u003cstrong\u003eAfrican slavery\u003c\/strong\u003e and ending the \u003cstrong\u003eindigenous head tax\u003c\/strong\u003e — transformative reforms that reshaped Peruvian society. He funded these reforms with revenue from \u003cstrong\u003eguano exports\u003c\/strong\u003e, turning seabird droppings into one of the 19th century's most valuable commodities. A \u003cstrong\u003ecaudillo\u003c\/strong\u003e in the truest sense — strongman, reformer, survivor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Woman at the Spinning Machine\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reverse depicts a \u003cstrong\u003efemale textile worker\u003c\/strong\u003e operating a \u003cstrong\u003ering spinning frame\u003c\/strong\u003e — the industrial backbone of Peru's cotton processing industry. By the 1980s, Peru's textile sector was one of its largest employers, built on the famous \u003cstrong\u003ePima cotton\u003c\/strong\u003e of the northern coast. The large \u003cstrong\u003ebobbins of spun thread\u003c\/strong\u003e in the foreground represent the transformation of raw cotton into export-ready yarn — a quiet counterpoint to the field workers on the 10-inti note. Together, the Inti series tells the full story of Peruvian cotton: from field to factory.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Inti's Brief, Chaotic Life\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eInti\u003c\/strong\u003e replaced the sol at 1,000:1 in 1985 — already a sign of the inflation ravaging Peru. By 1990, annual inflation hit \u003cstrong\u003e7,649%\u003c\/strong\u003e. The Inti was replaced by the \u003cstrong\u003enuevo sol\u003c\/strong\u003e in 1991 at 1,000,000:1. This 100-inti note, worth fractions of a U.S. cent at demonetization, is now a vivid artifact of one of Latin America's most dramatic economic collapses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Likely derived from \u003cem\u003eBirú\u003c\/em\u003e, the name of a local ruler or river encountered by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century; the name was gradually applied to the entire region\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lima (city pop. ~10 million; metro pop. ~11 million)\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name of Lima:\u003c\/strong\u003e From \u003cem\u003eLimaq\u003c\/em\u003e, a Quechua word meaning “talker” or “speaker,” referring to an oracle at the site\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~34 million (UN 2024) — comparable to \u003cstrong\u003eCalifornia\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1,285,216 km² (496,225 mi²) — comparable to \u003cstrong\u003eAlaska\u003c\/strong\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003eFrance + Spain + Germany\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eGDP per capita (PPP)\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$16,000 (IMF 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e Copper, gold, zinc, fishmeal, coffee, asparagus, textiles\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile; Pacific Ocean to the west\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial\/spoken languages:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish (official); Quechua and Aymara (co-official); dozens of Amazonian languages\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicities:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mestizo\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMestizo\u003c\/a\u003e (~60%); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAmerindian\u003c\/a\u003e (~26%); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Peruvians\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWhite Peruvian\u003c\/a\u003e (~6%); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afro-Peruvian\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfro-Peruvian\u003c\/a\u003e and other (~8%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMemberships:\u003c\/strong\u003e UN (founding member, 1945); OAS (1948); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Andean_Community\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAndean Community\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1969, hosts secretariat in Lima); APEC (1998); Pacific Alliance (founding member, 2011)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1821); Independence declared 28 July 1821; Republic of Peru (1821–date)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003ePeru Unfiltered\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGuano boom:\u003c\/strong\u003e In the 1850s–60s, Peru earned more from seabird droppings than most countries earned from gold — Castilla spent it wisely, then it ran out\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlavery abolished 1854:\u003c\/strong\u003e Castilla freed Peru's enslaved population 9 years before Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHyperinflation record:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peru's 1990 inflation of 7,649% remains one of the worst in Latin American history\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBiodiversity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peru contains ~10% of all species on Earth and is one of only 17 megadiverse countries\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePotato origin:\u003c\/strong\u003e The potato was domesticated in Peru ~8,000 years ago — the world owes its french fries to the Andes\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eShining Path:\u003c\/strong\u003e The Maoist insurgency (1980–2000) killed an estimated 70,000 people — the bloodiest internal conflict in South American history\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNazca Lines:\u003c\/strong\u003e Enormous geoglyphs etched into the desert, some over 2,000 years old, still not fully explained\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePisco war:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peru and Chile have an ongoing diplomatic dispute over which country invented pisco — both claim it fiercely\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOwn this note and hold a piece of Peru's most unlikely story — a man who went from enslaved prisoner to three-time president, abolished slavery, and funded it all with bird droppings, on a note that itself became worthless within six years.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52597946679607,"sku":"PE132-or-133-U","price":1.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/122-123-o.jpg?v=1783042434","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/peru-p130-or-p131-50-intis-1985-1987-unc-the-caliph-president-oil-rig-helicopter-copy","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}