{"product_id":"peru-p-92-or-p-99-5-soles-de-oro-1968-1974-unc-velasco-design","title":"Peru P-92 or P-99 5 Soles de Oro 1968-1974 UNC—Top Inca Emperor—Sacsayhuamán","description":"\u003cp\u003eOne of Peru's most elegant mid-century notes, this 5 Soles de Oro pairs the greatest Inca emperor with the most awe-inspiring stone fortress in the Americas — a collector's window into a civilization that moved mountains, literally.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFront\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e dark green engraving on light pink and green underprint; serial numbers in red\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePortrait:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pachacuti\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eInca Pachacutec\u003c\/a\u003e at right\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCenter:\u003c\/strong\u003e coat of arms of Peru\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLeft:\u003c\/strong\u003e traditional ceramic pots (pre-Columbian pottery)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuer name:\u003c\/strong\u003e BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ across top\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFace value:\u003c\/strong\u003e in numerals at all four corners; in letters (CINCO SOLES DE ORO) below arms\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e varies by variety — see Other Characteristics below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eBack\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e green print\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain illustration:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sacsayhuam%C3%A1n\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSacsayhuamán Fortress\u003c\/a\u003e, Cusco\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuer name:\u003c\/strong\u003e BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ across top\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLegend:\u003c\/strong\u003e FORTALEZA DE SACSAHUAMAN\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFace value:\u003c\/strong\u003e in numerals at all four corners; CINCO SOLES DE ORO at bottom\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOther Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties:\u003c\/strong\u003e you may receive any variety:\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP-92a — 1968-Feb-23; 3 signatures (GS, JMU, CRP); Ley 13958; series J141–J150\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP-99a — 1969-Jun-20; 2 signatures (EGBB, EBM); Ley Orgánica; series J151–J180\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP-99b — 1970-Oct-16 through 1972-May-04; 2 signatures; series J181–J238\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eP-99c — 1973-May-24 through 1974-Aug-15; 2 signatures; series J239–J305\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog numbers:\u003c\/strong\u003e P-92 \/ P-99; TBB B434; Numista N#205623\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity thread:\u003c\/strong\u003e solid semi-translucent thread with dashed segments, visible under backlight\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 155 × 65 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Reserve Bank of Peru (Banco Central de Reserva del Perú)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinter:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/De_La_Rue\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDe La Rue\u003c\/a\u003e, London\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDemonetized\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes (Sol de Oro replaced by Inti in 1985)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Sol de Oro (1931–1985)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Ninth Sapa Inca Who Remade the World\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePachacutec — whose name means \u003cstrong\u003e\"He Who Transforms the Earth\"\u003c\/strong\u003e — came to power in \u003cstrong\u003e1438\u003c\/strong\u003e not through inheritance but through crisis. When the rival Chanka confederation attacked Cusco, his father Viracocha fled. Pachacutec stayed, rallied the army, and won. He then spent the next three decades building the largest empire the Western Hemisphere had ever seen, stretching \u003cstrong\u003e4,000 kilometers\u003c\/strong\u003e from modern Colombia to central Chile. He is credited with ordering the construction of \u003cstrong\u003eMachu Picchu\u003c\/strong\u003e as a royal estate — making him, in a sense, the man behind the most photographed ruin on Earth. He died around \u003cstrong\u003e1471\u003c\/strong\u003e, leaving behind a road network, a census system, and a civilization that still defines Andean identity today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eSacsayhuamán: The Fortress That Defied Physics\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe zigzagging walls of \u003cstrong\u003eSacsayhuamán\u003c\/strong\u003e above Cusco are built from limestone blocks weighing up to \u003cstrong\u003e125 tonnes\u003c\/strong\u003e — moved without wheels, without iron tools, and without draft animals capable of pulling such loads. The largest stone stands \u003cstrong\u003e8.5 meters tall\u003c\/strong\u003e. Spanish chroniclers who arrived in the 1530s were so astonished they assumed it was the work of demons. The Inca called it \u003cem\u003eSaksaywaman\u003c\/em\u003e — variously translated as \u003cstrong\u003e\"satisfied falcon\"\u003c\/strong\u003e or \u003cstrong\u003e\"royal eagle.\"\u003c\/strong\u003e During the Great Inca Rebellion of \u003cstrong\u003e1536\u003c\/strong\u003e, Manco Inca used it as a military stronghold against the Spanish; after its fall, the Spanish dismantled much of it to build colonial Cusco. What remains is still staggering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Peru\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Likely derived from \u003cem\u003eBirú\u003c\/em\u003e, the name of a local ruler or river encountered by Spanish explorers in the early 16th century; the name was gradually applied to the entire region\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e Lima (city pop. ~10 million; metro pop. ~11 million)\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Corrupted from \u003cem\u003eLimaq\u003c\/em\u003e, the name of the Rimac River in the local Quechua dialect, meaning \"talker\" or \"speaker\"\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~34 million (UN 2024) — slightly larger than Canada\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1,285,216 km² (496,225 mi²) — slightly smaller than Alaska; larger than France, Spain, and Germany combined\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGDP per capita (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePPP\u003c\/a\u003e):\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$16,000 (IMF 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e copper, gold, zinc, lead, fishmeal, asparagus, coffee, textiles\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile; Pacific Ocean to the west\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicities:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mestizo\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMestizo\u003c\/a\u003e (~60%), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_peoples_of_Peru\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAmerindian\u003c\/a\u003e (~26%), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Peruvians\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWhite Peruvian\u003c\/a\u003e (~6%), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Afro-Peruvian\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAfro-Peruvian\u003c\/a\u003e (~4%), other (~4%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMemberships:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUnited Nations\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1945); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_of_American_States\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOAS\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1948); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWTO\u003c\/a\u003e (1995); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pacific_Alliance\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePacific Alliance\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 2011); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/APEC\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAPEC\u003c\/a\u003e (1998)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eInca Empire (c. 1438–1533) — largest pre-Columbian empire in the Americas\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eSpanish Viceroyalty of Peru (1542–1821)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eIndependence declared July 28, 1821; fully secured 1824 (Battle of Ayacucho)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eRepublic of Peru (1821–date) — this note issued during this period\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003ePeru Unfiltered\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeru is the world's second-largest producer of copper and silver\u003c\/strong\u003e and third-largest of zinc — its mountains are essentially a giant vault of metals that have driven empires, colonial extraction, and modern industry alike.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Amazon River begins in Peru.\u003c\/strong\u003e The Ucayali–Apurímac system, traced to a glacier on Nevado Mismi, is now recognized as the river's true source — making Peru the birthplace of the world's largest river by discharge.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeru has three completely distinct geographic zones\u003c\/strong\u003e within one country: the hyper-arid Pacific coast (one of the driest places on Earth), the Andes highlands above 4,000 m, and the Amazon jungle — each with its own climate, culture, and cuisine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCeviche is a UNESCO-recognized cultural heritage dish\u003c\/strong\u003e — Peru takes its food seriously enough to have a national holiday for it (June 28).\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nazca Lines remain unexplained.\u003c\/strong\u003e Geoglyphs etched into the desert floor, some stretching 370 meters, were made by a civilization that vanished before the Inca. Their purpose — astronomical calendar? ritual landscape? alien landing strip? — is still debated.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePeru's currency has been redenominated four times\u003c\/strong\u003e since this note was printed: Sol de Oro → Inti (1985) → Nuevo Sol (1991) → Sol (2015). Hyperinflation in the late 1980s reached \u003cstrong\u003e7,649% annually\u003c\/strong\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLake Titicaca\u003c\/strong\u003e, shared with Bolivia, is the world's highest navigable lake at 3,812 m — and home to the Uros people, who live on floating islands made entirely of totora reeds.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOwn this note and hold a piece of the Inca Empire's greatest ruler alongside the fortress his people built to last forever. The 5 Soles de Oro is a small, affordable note with an outsized story — perfect for a Peru set, an Inca history collection, or anyone who appreciates the art of mid-century Latin American banknote design.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52606017339703,"sku":"PE92-or-99U-F8502","price":1.19,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/92-99-o.jpg?v=1783207218","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/peru-p-92-or-p-99-5-soles-de-oro-1968-1974-unc-velasco-design","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}