{"product_id":"hungary-p100-10-pengo-1936-f-vf-mary-baby-jesus-equestrian-st-stephen","title":". JESUS CHRIST Hungary P100 10 Pengő 1936 F\/VF—Mary—Baby Jesus—St Stephen—Horse","description":"\u003ch3\u003eBanknote Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFront:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mary and baby Jesus; portrait of woman\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBack:\u003c\/strong\u003e Equestrian statue of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_I_of_Hungary\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSt. Stephen\u003c\/a\u003e; denomination inscribed in Hungarian, German, Slovak, Romanian, Ruthenian (Ukrainian), and Serbo-Croatian in both alphabets (Latin and Cyrillic)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e Green and purple (obverse and reverse)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 159 × 71 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magyar_Nemzeti_Bank\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMagyar Nemzeti Bank\u003c\/a\u003e (Hungarian National Bank)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDesigners:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Endre_Horv%C3%A1th_(artist)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEndre Horváth\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEngraver:\u003c\/strong\u003e Franke Rupert\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssued:\u003c\/strong\u003e 22 December 1936\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDemonetized:\u003c\/strong\u003e 6 May 1945 — \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003edemonetized\u003c\/a\u003e as the Pengő collapsed under wartime strain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e Erney; Imrédy; Baranyai\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_peng%C5%91\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePengő\u003c\/a\u003e (1927–1946) — replaced by the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_forint\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eForint\u003c\/a\u003e in 1946 after one of the worst hyperinflations in recorded history\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eReferences:\u003c\/strong\u003e P-100 | Adamo MBK2 P9\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Hungary\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Budapest\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBudapest\u003c\/a\u003e (city pop. ~1.7 million; metro ~3.3 million)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~9.6 million (UN 2024) — similar to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sweden\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSweden\u003c\/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Jersey\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eNew Jersey\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 93,028 km² (35,918 mi²)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGDP per capita at \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePPP\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$43,000 USD (IMF 2024) — ranks ~45th out of 193 globally\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e Vehicles and parts, machinery, electronics, pharmaceuticals, food products\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAustria\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovakia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSlovakia\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukraine\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUkraine\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romania\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eRomania\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Serbia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSerbia\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Croatia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCroatia\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Slovenia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSlovenia\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial\/spoken language:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_language\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHungarian\u003c\/a\u003e (~100% of population)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pannonia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePannonia\u003c\/a\u003e — Roman province (1st century AD–433); before Rome, home to Celtic and Illyrian tribes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hunnic_Empire\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHunnic Empire\u003c\/a\u003e (433–469) — Huns arrived from the Eurasian steppe under \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Attila\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAttila\u003c\/a\u003e; empire collapsed after his death\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGermanic and Avar kingdoms (469–895)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_conquest_of_the_Carpathian_Basin\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMagyar conquest\u003c\/a\u003e (895) — Magyars from the Ural region, arrived under \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eÁrpád\u003c\/a\u003e, displacing\/absorbing Slavs and Avars\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hungary\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eKingdom of Hungary\u003c\/a\u003e (1000–1526) — founded by \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_I_of_Hungary\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eStephen I\u003c\/a\u003e, ruling Transylvania, Croatia, Dalmatia, Slovakia, Transcarpathia, and Vojvodina\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBattle of Mohács\u003c\/a\u003e (1526) — Ottoman victory; Hungary split into Ottoman-occupied central Hungary, semi-autonomous Transylvania, and Royal Hungary under the Habsburgs\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Habsburg_monarchy\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHabsburg rule\u003c\/a\u003e (1526–1867) — Ottomans expelled by 1699; Hungary subject to Vienna\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austria-Hungary\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAustro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy\u003c\/a\u003e (1867–1918) — Hungary co-equal partner with Austria, ruling a vast multi-ethnic empire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHorthy Regency\u003c\/a\u003e (1920–1944) — \u003cstrong\u003ethis note issued during this period\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Trianon\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTreaty of Trianon\u003c\/a\u003e (1920) — Hungary lost ~72% of its territory and ~64% of its population: Transylvania to Romania; Slovakia and Transcarpathia to Czechoslovakia; Vojvodina to Yugoslavia; Croatia-Slavonia and Dalmatia to Yugoslavia and Italy; Burgenland to Austria\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrow_Cross_Party\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eArrow Cross\u003c\/a\u003e \/ German occupation (1944–1945)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\"People's Republic\" (1949–1989) — communist dictatorship, Soviet satellite state; USSR crushed the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e1956 uprising\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRepublic (1989–date)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Virgin and the King: Sacred Imagery on a Secular Banknote\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDecember 1936. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHorthy Regency\u003c\/a\u003e was at its most stable — nationalist, conservative, Catholic, and deeply anxious about the borders imposed by \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Treaty_of_Trianon\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eTrianon\u003c\/a\u003e. The Magyar Nemzeti Bank chose its imagery carefully. \u003cstrong\u003eOn the front: Mary and the infant Jesus, flanked by a woman in national costume.\u003c\/strong\u003e On the back: the equestrian statue of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_I_of_Hungary\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSt. Stephen\u003c\/a\u003e — Hungary's founding king, canonised in 1083, the man who brought the Magyars into Christendom.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese were not decorative choices. They were a statement of identity. Hungary was \u003cem\u003eRegnum Marianum\u003c\/em\u003e — the Kingdom of Mary — a concept embedded in Hungarian Catholic tradition since the 11th century. Putting the Virgin on the 10 Pengő was a reminder of what Hungary believed itself to be: ancient, Christian, and rightful heir to a territory far larger than what Trianon had left it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe engraving is the work of \u003cstrong\u003eFranke Rupert\u003c\/strong\u003e, executed with the fine intaglio precision that characterised Magyar Nemzeti Bank issues of the interwar period. The green and purple palette — unusual for the era — gives the note a richness that photographs rarely capture. In hand, the colour shifts subtly depending on the light.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSix Languages on the Back: Still a Political Claim\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reverse carries the denomination in six languages — Hungarian, German, Slovak, Romanian, Rusyn, Serbo-Croatian in Cyrillic script, and Rusyn (spoken in the Carpatho-Ukraine). By 1936, most speakers of those minority languages lived outside Hungary's borders, stripped away by Trianon. \u003cstrong\u003eThe six languages were not a courtesy — they were a territorial claim printed in ink.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBudapest had not accepted the 1920 settlement. It would spend the next decade manoeuvring to reverse it, and by 1938 it had begun to succeed: the \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/First_Vienna_Award\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eFirst Vienna Award\u003c\/a\u003e returned southern Slovakia, and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Subcarpathian_Ruthenia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSubcarpathian Ruthenia\u003c\/a\u003e followed in 1939. This note was printed two years before any of that — when revision was still a dream, and the six languages were its most visible expression.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Pengő's Catastrophic End\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis note was demonetized on 6 May 1945 — before the hyperinflation had even reached its worst. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_peng%C5%91\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePengő\u003c\/a\u003e's final collapse came in 1946, producing \u003cstrong\u003ethe worst hyperinflation in recorded human history\u003c\/strong\u003e: prices doubling every 15 hours, 100 quintillion Pengő notes rolling off the presses. The \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hungarian_forint\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eForint\u003c\/a\u003e replaced it at 400,000 quadrillion Pengő to 1 Forint.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 10 Pengő you are holding here — a meaningful sum in 1936 — was already worthless before the worst of it arrived.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOwn This Document of Hungary, Before the Storm\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis is Hungary in 1936: confident enough to commission beautiful currency, Catholic enough to put the Virgin on its banknotes, and nationalist enough to print six languages as a territorial argument. Three years before the first revision. Nine years before collapse.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Fine\/Very Fine example: honest circulation wear, the imagery clear, the colours still present. A genuine Horthy-era artifact at an accessible price — history you can hold.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51949252215095,"sku":"HU100FVF","price":2.79,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/Baby_Jesus_on_Hungary_P-100.png?v=1775940271","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/hungary-p100-10-pengo-1936-f-vf-mary-baby-jesus-equestrian-st-stephen","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}