{"product_id":"france-5-piece-commemorative-coin-set","title":"France 6 piece commemorative coin set 1986-1998 (1-1-2-5-5-10 Francs)","description":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 piece coin set with each in Very Fine or better condition\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 Franc 1995 Institut de France\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIssuer\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFrance  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePeriod\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFifth Republic (1958-date)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eType\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCirculating commemorative coins\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eYear\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1995\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eValue\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1 Franc (1 FRF)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCurrency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNew franc (1960-2001)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e6 g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e24 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1.70 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e17 February 2002\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumista\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eN#15\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eReferences\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eKM# 1133, Gad 1789# 480, Franc 2014# 230\/2, Schön# 383\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Institut de France\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Institut de France is the umbrella institution that gathers five of France’s most prestigious academies. Founded in 1795 during the Revolution, it formalized older royal academies into a single republic-era body devoted to scholarship, letters, arts, and sciences.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt sits on the Quai de Conti in Paris, in a domed building originally constructed for the Collège des Quatre-Nations (17th c.). That dome across from the Louvre—if you’ve strolled the Pont des Arts—is the one.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Five Academies\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcadémie française: \u003c\/strong\u003eGuardians of the French language. They publish the official dictionary and regulate usage. Forty members—les immortels—each occupy a numbered seat.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcadémie des inscriptions et belles-lettres:\u003c\/strong\u003e Antiquity, archaeology, philology, epigraphy—the deep textual past.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcadémie des sciences:\u003c\/strong\u003e Mathematics, physics, biology, and beyond.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcadémie des beaux-arts: \u003c\/strong\u003ePainting, sculpture, architecture, music, cinema.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAcadémie des sciences morales et politiques: \u003c\/strong\u003ePhilosophy, economics, law, political theory.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat It Actually Does\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElects lifetime members (high symbolic capital in French intellectual life).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAwards prizes and grants (many funded by historic bequests).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManages foundations and significant endowments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaintains a major library and archives.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eServes as a kind of secular pantheon of French thought.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt’s not a university. It doesn’t teach students. It’s closer to a ceremonial-intellectual senate—a continuity mechanism between monarchy, revolution, empire, republic.\u003cbr\u003eIn brand terms, it’s the French state’s way of saying: these are the custodians of our language, memory, art, and reason.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you’re thinking about it in comparative terms: it combines aspects of the Royal Society (UK), the Académie royale (ancien régime), and something almost Vatican-like in ritual gravitas—but firmly secular and republican.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1 France Jacques Rueff (economist) \/ Faceless Marianne\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYou'll receive a coin in this design in Very Fine condition or better.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100th Anniversary of the birth of Jacques Rueff\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObverse\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThree-quarter face portrait of the economist Jacques Rueff\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSower (evocation of the franc)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLegend \"1896 JACQUES RUEFF 1978\".\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReverse: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFaceless \"Marianne\/République \" allegorical woman standing frontally, draped, holding a torch in left hand. She is the personification of the republic, liberty, equality, brotherhood (\u003cem\u003eliberté, egalité, fraternité\u003c\/em\u003e)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaurel and oak branches, images of glory and strength.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEngraver\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pierre Rodier\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIssuer\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFrance  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePeriod\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFifth Republic (1958-date)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eType\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCirculating commemorative coins\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eYear\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1996\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eValue\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1 Franc (1 FRF)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCurrency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNew franc (1960-2001)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e6 g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e24 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1.70 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIssued\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1996\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e17 February 2002\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumista\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eN#16\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eReferences\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eKM# 1160, Gad 1789# 481, Franc 2014# 231\/2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJacques Rueff\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"286\" data-start=\"97\"\u003eBorn in 1896 and trained at the École Polytechnique, Rueff belonged to that rare French species: the mathematically rigorous civil servant who also understood markets as living organisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"301\" data-start=\"288\"\u003eHe served in:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-end=\"476\" data-start=\"302\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"325\" data-start=\"302\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"325\" data-start=\"304\"\u003eThe French Treasury\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"351\" data-start=\"326\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"351\" data-start=\"328\"\u003eThe League of Nations\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"386\" data-start=\"352\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"386\" data-start=\"354\"\u003eAs financial adviser in London\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"411\" data-start=\"387\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"411\" data-start=\"389\"\u003eThe Banque de France\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-end=\"476\" data-start=\"412\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"476\" data-start=\"414\"\u003eAnd eventually as a key architect of postwar monetary reform\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-end=\"581\" data-start=\"478\"\u003eHe died in 1978, having seen the gold standard collapse twice — and having warned about both collapses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2 Francs 1998 Universal Declaration of Human Rights\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIssuer\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFrance  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriod\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFifth Republic (1958-date)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eType\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCirculating commemorative coins\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYear\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1998\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eValue\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e2 Francs (2 FRF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNew franc (1960-2001)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e7.5 g\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e26.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1.80 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e17 February 2002\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNumista\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eN#20\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eReferences\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\" class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eKM# 1213, Gad 1789# 551, Schön# 540, Franc 2023# 276\/2\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFront\/Obverse:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRené Cassin, \u003c\/strong\u003emain author of the \u003cstrong\u003eUniversal Declaration of Human Rights\u003c\/strong\u003e, is surrounded by the words: \"RF René Cassin Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l'Homme\".\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePalais de Chaillot,\u003c\/strong\u003e where the Declaration was signed on December 10, 1948,\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eText \u003cstrong\u003e1948 1998\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBack\/Reverse:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\"2F\" written on a globe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003etwo palm fronds\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003etext \u003cem\u003eLiberté Egalité Fraternité\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUniversal Declaration of Human Rights\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWho wrote it?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was not written by one person, but by a drafting committee under the authority of the United Nations. The key figures:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEleanor Roosevelt (\u003c\/strong\u003eUSA) – Chair of the Drafting Committee; political architect and public face of the project.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eRené Cassin \u003c\/strong\u003e(France) – Principal drafter of the text’s structure; later won the 1968 Nobel Peace Prize for this work.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJohn Peters Humphrey (Canada) – Wrote the first comprehensive draft.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCharles Malik (Lebanon) – Contributed philosophical framing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeng Chun Chang (China) – Helped integrate non-Western philosophical perspectives.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCassin later compared the structure to a Greek temple: a preamble, foundational principles, and detailed rights arranged in logical order.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhen and how was it adopted?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAdopted on 10 December 1948 at the Palais de Chaillot, Paris. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat it is (legally)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe UDHR is not legally binding by itself. But it became the foundation for later binding treaties, especially:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTogether, these form what is often called the “International Bill of Human Rights.”\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy it matters\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003eThe document attempted something unprecedented after World War II:\u003cbr\u003eto articulate rights as belonging to human beings as such, not merely citizens of a particular state. That universal framing—deliberately cross-civilizational in authorship—is what gives it enduring force.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5 Francs 1996 Hercules with Liberté and Egalité\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommemorative for the 200th Anniversary of the French Franc - Decimal System\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBack: \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNude \u003cstrong\u003eHercules\u003c\/strong\u003e with leonté at center\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLiberté\u003c\/strong\u003e standing on the left, holding a pike surmounted by a Phrygian cap\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eÉgalité\u003c\/strong\u003e on the right, holding the level. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eInscription \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cem style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eLIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEngraver\u003c\/strong\u003e Augustin \u003cstrong\u003eDupré\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIssuer\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFrance  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePeriod\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFifth\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eRepublic (1958-date)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eType\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCirculating commemorative coins\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eYear\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1996\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eValue\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e5 Francs (5 FRF)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCurrency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNew franc (1960-2001)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel plated copper-nickel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e10 g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e29 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e2 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e17 February 2002\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumista\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eN#24\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eReferences\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eGad 1789# 777, KM# 1155, Schön# 454, Franc 2014# 346\/2\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e5 Francs 1992 Pierre Mendès France\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel plated copper-nickel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e10 g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e29 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e2 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e17 February 2002\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumista\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eN#22\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eReferences\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFranc 2014# 343, Gad 1789# 773, KM# 1006, Schön# 297, GEM# 156.3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"83\" data-end=\"353\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbout Pierre Mendès France\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"83\" data-end=\"353\"\u003ePierre Mendès France (1907–1982) was one of the most intellectually serious and morally rigorous figures of the French Fourth Republic—a radical reformer who briefly served as Prime Minister from 1954 to 1955 and left a disproportionate mark on French political culture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"373\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe essentials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"375\" data-end=\"1348\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"375\" data-end=\"539\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"377\" data-end=\"539\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"377\" data-end=\"423\"\u003ePrime Minister (June 1954 – February 1955)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"423\" data-end=\"426\"\u003eTook office amid crisis: France was bogged down in Indochina, politically fractured, and economically strained.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"541\" data-end=\"755\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"755\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"576\"\u003eEnded the First Indochina War\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"579\"\u003eHe accepted the Geneva Accords in 1954, ending France’s colonial war in Vietnam. For many, that was realism; for others, humiliation. Either way, he chose exit over illusion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"930\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"930\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"759\" data-end=\"803\"\u003eAdvocated decolonization in North Africa\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"803\" data-end=\"806\"\u003eBegan reforms in Tunisia and Morocco and signaled a willingness to rethink the empire—before most of his peers were ready.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"1129\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"1129\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"957\"\u003eEconomic modernizer\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"960\"\u003ePromoted fiscal discipline, planning, and productivity. He was comfortable with technocratic governance—almost prefiguring later European social-democratic pragmatism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1131\" data-end=\"1348\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1348\"\u003e\u003cstrong data-start=\"1133\" data-end=\"1164\"\u003eA different political style\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr data-start=\"1164\" data-end=\"1167\"\u003eHe gave sober radio addresses explaining policy in detail to the public. No bombast. No mystique. Just reasoned argument. It was almost Protestant in tone, rare in Latin politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWhy he matters\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1375\" data-end=\"1431\"\u003eMendès France represented a fork in the road for France:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1624\"\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1433\" data-end=\"1470\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1435\" data-end=\"1470\"\u003eAnti-colonial before it was safe.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1471\" data-end=\"1516\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1473\" data-end=\"1516\"\u003ePro-European but not naïvely Atlanticist.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1565\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1519\" data-end=\"1565\"\u003eSocially reformist yet fiscally disciplined.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli data-start=\"1566\" data-end=\"1624\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1624\"\u003eIntellectually austere in an era of theatrical politics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1812\"\u003eHe was admired by younger reformers, including future Socialist leaders like \u003cspan class=\"hover:entity-accent entity-underline inline cursor-pointer align-baseline\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"whitespace-normal\"\u003eFrançois Mitterrand\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e (who would later take France in a more strategic, long-game direction).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1814\" data-end=\"1888\"\u003eYet he never built a mass movement. He was more \u003cem data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1874\"\u003econscience\u003c\/em\u003e than machine.\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe irony\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"1910\" data-end=\"2086\"\u003eHe may have been too lucid for the Fourth Republic. In a system addicted to short-term parliamentary maneuvering, he tried to govern by clarity and long-range responsibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-start=\"2088\" data-end=\"2277\"\u003eThere’s something almost contemporary about him—technocratic integrity in a populist age. If you like figures who attempt structural correction rather than symbolic gestures, he’s your man.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10 Francs 1986 \"Marianne Martiale\"\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eFront:\u003c\/strong\u003e \"Marianne (\"Marianne martiale\"), map of France\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBack\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cockerel (young rooster)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEngraver: Joaquín Jiménez\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eIssuer\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFrance  \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003ePeriod\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFifth Republic (1958-date)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eType\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eStandard circulation coins\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eYear\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1986\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eValue\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e10 Francs (10 FRF)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eCurrency\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNew franc (1960-2001)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eComposition\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eNickel\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eWeight\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e6.5 g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDiameter\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e21 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eThickness\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e2.5 mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eShape\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eRound\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eTechnique\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eMilled\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eOrientation\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eCoin alignment ↑↓\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eDemonetized\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e18 February 1987\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eNumista N#297\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003eReferences\u003cspan class=\"Apple-tab-span\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eKM# 959, E132, Gad 1789# 824, Franc 2014# 373, Schön# 251\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cem\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMarianne martiale\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the obverse is depicted “Marianne martiale” in left profile, with a bonnet phrygien (Phrygian cap) adorned with ears of wheat and laurel on a stylised map of metropolitan France; Liberté Égalité Fraternité is inscribed around.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e“Marianne” is the national symbol\/personification of the French Republic, representing liberty, equality, fraternity — the republican ideals. On this coin, she’s given a martial (strong, assertive) styling, hence sometimes called \u003cem\u003eMarianne martiale.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhy a rooster?\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn Latin: gallus = “Gaul” (a person from ancient France), but also means “rooster”. A pun. The Romans noticed it. Medieval writers repeated it. Over centuries, the bird stuck.\u003cbr\u003eBy the Renaissance, the rooster had become a poetic emblem of France. During the French Revolution it re-emerged as a republican symbol—alert, vigilant, crowing at dawn (a metaphor for awakening and liberty).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51739356299575,"sku":"FRKM5PCSET1","price":12.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/6_piece_set.jpg?v=1772659617","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/france-5-piece-commemorative-coin-set","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}