{"product_id":"chile-p-135-136-1-escudo-1962-73-very-fine","title":"Chile P-135\/136 1 Escudo 1962-73 Very Fine+","description":"\u003cp\u003eA beautifully engraved mid-century Chilean note pairing two of the country's most iconic historical figures — the liberator Bernardo O'Higgins on the front and the dramatic scene of Diego de Almagro's arrival in Chile on the back. Issued across more than a decade of Chilean monetary history before the escudo itself was swept away by hyperinflation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eObverse\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e dark blue engraving on pale orange and tan multicolor underprint\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePortrait of \u003cstrong\u003eBernardo O'Higgins\u003c\/strong\u003e at center, based on the portrait by \u003cstrong\u003eJosé Gil de Castro\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eFace value in numeric fractions (½ \/ 50) at all four corners; in letters at bottom; in currency sign and numbers on sides of portrait\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eRed (P-134) or black (P-134A) series and serial numbers — see Varieties below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eBack\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e blue engraving on light-green (P-134) or beige (P-134A) underprint\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEngraving of \u003cem\u003eDescubrimiento de Chile por Diego de Almagro\u003c\/em\u003e (Discovery of Chile by Diego de Almagro) by \u003cstrong\u003ePedro Subercaseaux\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInscription: \u003cstrong\u003eLLEGADA DE ALMAGRO A CHILE\u003c\/strong\u003e (Arrival of Almagro to Chile)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eFace value in numeric fractions at all four corners; in currency sign and numbers in oval at right; in letters at bottom and around oval\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOther Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties:\u003c\/strong\u003e you may receive any variety:\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-134a — EFG + LMS₁ (Figueroa \u0026amp; Mackenna); Series A; red serial #\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134b — LMS₂ + FIB (Mackenna \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series B; red serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — SMS + FIB (Molina \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series B–D; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — CMA + FIB (Massad \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series E–F; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — AIC + JBM₁ (Inostroza \u0026amp; Barrios Bold); Series G; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — AIC + JBM₂ (Inostroza \u0026amp; Barrios Thin); Series G; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog numbers:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pick P-134 \/ P-134A; Numista N#202813\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWatermark:\u003c\/strong\u003e Portrait (facing left) of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diego_Portales\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDiego Portales\u003c\/a\u003e (1793–1837)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 145 × 70 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Bank of Chile (Banco Central de Chile)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinter:\u003c\/strong\u003e Casa de Moneda de Chile\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDemonetized\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1975 (with the escudo currency)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chilean Escudo (1960–1975)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Liberator Who Freed Chile — Then Lost Everything\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBernardo O'Higgins (1778–1842)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the founding father of Chile — the man who led the decisive military campaigns that broke Spanish colonial rule and became the country's first Supreme Director. Born the illegitimate son of an Irish-born Spanish colonial governor, he was educated in England and Peru, and returned to Chile to join the independence movement. After the stunning victory at the \u003cstrong\u003eBattle of Chacabuco in 1817\u003c\/strong\u003e, he declared Chilean independence on \u003cstrong\u003e12 February 1818\u003c\/strong\u003e. Yet his rule was authoritarian and divisive; he was forced to abdicate in \u003cstrong\u003e1823\u003c\/strong\u003e and spent the last 20 years of his life in exile in Peru, never returning to the country he liberated. He died in Lima in \u003cstrong\u003e1842\u003c\/strong\u003e, and his remains were only repatriated to Chile in \u003cstrong\u003e1869\u003c\/strong\u003e. He appears on Chilean currency across multiple eras.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Conquistador Who Arrived to Find Nothing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiego de Almagro (c. 1475–1538)\u003c\/strong\u003e led the first European expedition into Chilean territory in \u003cstrong\u003e1535–1536\u003c\/strong\u003e, crossing the Andes from Peru through some of the most brutal terrain on Earth — the Atacama Desert and the high Andean passes in winter. He arrived expecting to find another Peru, rich in gold and silver. Instead, he found a land of fierce indigenous resistance and no obvious mineral wealth. Disappointed, he turned back. He was later executed by his former partner \u003cstrong\u003eFrancisco Pizarro\u003c\/strong\u003e in a power struggle over the spoils of the Inca conquest. The painting by \u003cstrong\u003ePedro Subercaseaux\u003c\/strong\u003e depicted on this note romanticizes that arrival — the moment of first contact between the Old World and what would become Chile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Chile\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Disputed — possibly from the Quechua \u003cem\u003echili\u003c\/em\u003e (cold) or the Mapuche \u003cem\u003echilli\u003c\/em\u003e (where the land ends); the name was in use before Spanish arrival\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name of Santiago:\u003c\/strong\u003e Named by Pedro de Valdivia in 1541 after Santiago de Compostela, patron saint of Spain; full original name was \u003cem\u003eSantiago de Nueva Extremadura\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e Santiago — city pop. ~6.2 million; metro pop. ~8 million\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~19.6 million (UN 2024) — roughly the size of New York State and Pennsylvania combined\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 756,102 km² (291,930 mi²) — slightly larger than Texas; the world's longest and narrowest country\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGDP per capita (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePPP\u003c\/a\u003e):\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$29,000 (IMF 2024) — highest in South America\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e copper (world's largest producer), lithium, fruit, wine, fish meal, cellulose\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peru (north), Bolivia (northeast), Argentina (east); Pacific Ocean coastline of 6,435 km\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial\/spoken languages:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish (official); Mapudungun and other indigenous languages spoken regionally\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicities:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mestizo\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMestizo and white\u003c\/a\u003e (~95%), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mapuche\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMapuche\u003c\/a\u003e (~9%), other indigenous (~1%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMemberships:\u003c\/strong\u003e United Nations (founding member, 1945); Organization of American States (1948); Pacific Alliance (founding member, 2011); APEC; WTO; OECD (2010)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish colonial rule (1540–1818); Independence declared: 12 February 1818; Republic established: 1818–date; Military dictatorship under Pinochet (1973–1990); return to democracy 1990\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eChile Unfiltered\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile is the world's longest country\u003c\/strong\u003e — stretching 4,300 km from the Atacama Desert in the north to Patagonia and Cape Horn in the south, but averaging only 177 km wide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile produces more copper than any other country on Earth\u003c\/strong\u003e — roughly 27% of global supply. The Escondida mine alone is the world's largest copper mine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Atacama Desert is the driest non-polar desert on Earth.\u003c\/strong\u003e Some weather stations there have never recorded rainfall. Yet it blooms spectacularly in rare wet years.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile has the world's largest lithium reserves\u003c\/strong\u003e — a resource now critical to electric vehicle batteries, making Chile a key player in the global energy transition.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOn 11 September 1973\u003c\/strong\u003e, a US-backed military coup overthrew democratically elected President Salvador Allende. General Augusto Pinochet ruled for 17 years, during which thousands were killed or disappeared.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile is one of the most seismically active countries on Earth.\u003c\/strong\u003e The largest earthquake ever recorded — magnitude 9.5 — struck Valdivia, Chile on 22 May 1960.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile controls Easter Island (Rapa Nui)\u003c\/strong\u003e, home to the famous \u003cem\u003emoai\u003c\/em\u003e statues, located 3,700 km off the Chilean coast in the Pacific Ocean.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOwn this note and hold two centuries of Chilean ambition in your hands — the liberator who gave everything and died in exile, the conquistador who crossed the Andes and found nothing, and the currency of a republic that would later survive dictatorship, hyperinflation, and earthquake. A remarkable piece of South American monetary history.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52646607847735,"sku":"CL135-136-VFP","price":3.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/135-135Ao.jpg?v=1783745602","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/chile-p-135-136-1-escudo-1962-73-very-fine","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}