{"product_id":"chile-p-134-1-2-escudo-1962-75-very-fine-ohiggins-almagro","title":"Chile P-134 1\/2 Escudo 1962-75 Very Fine+—O'Higgins—Almagro","description":"\u003cp\u003eA beautifully engraved mid-century Chilean note pairing two of the country's most iconic historical figures — the liberator Bernardo O'Higgins on the front and the dramatic scene of Diego de Almagro's arrival in Chile on the back. Issued across more than a decade of Chilean monetary history before the escudo itself was swept away by hyperinflation. You will receive one note from this series; the exact signature variety will vary.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eObverse\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e dark blue engraving on pale orange and tan multicolor underprint\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePortrait of \u003cstrong\u003eBernardo O'Higgins\u003c\/strong\u003e at center, based on the portrait by \u003cstrong\u003eJosé Gil de Castro\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eFace value in numeric fractions (½ \/ 50) at all four corners; in letters at bottom; in currency sign and numbers on sides of portrait\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eRed (P-134) or black (P-134A) series and serial numbers — varies by variety\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e varies by variety — see Varieties below\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eBack\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColor:\u003c\/strong\u003e blue engraving on light-green (P-134) or beige (P-134A) underprint\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eEngraving of \u003cem\u003eDescubrimiento de Chile por Diego de Almagro\u003c\/em\u003e (Discovery of Chile by Diego de Almagro) by \u003cstrong\u003ePedro Subercaseaux\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInscription: \u003cstrong\u003eLLEGADA DE ALMAGRO A CHILE\u003c\/strong\u003e (Arrival of Almagro to Chile)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eFace value in numeric fractions at all four corners; in currency sign and numbers in oval at right; in letters at bottom and around oval\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOther Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties:\u003c\/strong\u003e you may receive any variety:\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-134a — EFG + LMS₁ (Figueroa \u0026amp; Mackenna); Series A; red serial # — this note\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134b — LMS₂ + FIB (Mackenna \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series B; red serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — SMS + FIB (Molina \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series B–D; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — CMA + FIB (Massad \u0026amp; Ibáñez); Series E–F; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — AIC + JBM₁ (Inostroza \u0026amp; Barrios Bold); Series G; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eP-134Aa — AIC + JBM₂ (Inostroza \u0026amp; Barrios Thin); Series G; black serial #\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog numbers:\u003c\/strong\u003e Pick P-134 \/ P-134A; Numista N#202813\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWatermark:\u003c\/strong\u003e Portrait (facing left) of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diego_Portales\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDiego Portales\u003c\/a\u003e (1793–1837)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 145 × 70 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Bank of Chile (Banco Central de Chile)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinter:\u003c\/strong\u003e Casa de Moneda de Chile, Santiago\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDemonetized\u003c\/a\u003e:\u003c\/strong\u003e 1975 (with the escudo currency)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chilean Escudo (1960–1975)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Liberator Who Freed Chile — Then Lost Everything\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBernardo O'Higgins (1778–1842)\u003c\/strong\u003e is the founding father of Chile — the man who led the decisive military campaigns that broke Spanish colonial rule and became the country's first Supreme Director. Born the illegitimate son of an Irish-born Spanish colonial governor, he was educated in England and Peru, and returned to Chile to join the independence movement. After the stunning victory at the \u003cstrong\u003eBattle of Chacabuco in 1817\u003c\/strong\u003e, he declared Chilean independence on \u003cstrong\u003e12 February 1818\u003c\/strong\u003e. Yet his rule was authoritarian and divisive; he was forced to abdicate in \u003cstrong\u003e1823\u003c\/strong\u003e and spent the last 20 years of his life in exile in Peru, never returning to the country he liberated. He died in Lima in \u003cstrong\u003e1842\u003c\/strong\u003e, and his remains were only repatriated to Chile in \u003cstrong\u003e1869\u003c\/strong\u003e. He appears on Chilean currency across multiple eras.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Conquistador Who Arrived to Find Nothing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiego de Almagro (c. 1475–1538)\u003c\/strong\u003e led the first European expedition into Chilean territory in \u003cstrong\u003e1535–1536\u003c\/strong\u003e, crossing the Andes from Peru through some of the most brutal terrain on Earth — the Atacama Desert and the high Andean passes in winter. He arrived expecting to find another Peru, rich in gold and silver. Instead, he found a land of fierce indigenous resistance and no obvious mineral wealth. Disappointed, he turned back. He was later executed by his former partner \u003cstrong\u003eFrancisco Pizarro\u003c\/strong\u003e in a power struggle over the spoils of the Inca conquest. The painting by \u003cstrong\u003ePedro Subercaseaux\u003c\/strong\u003e depicted on this note romanticizes that arrival — the moment of first contact between the Old World and what would become Chile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eThe Escudo Years\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChile's Escudo replaced the Peso in \u003cstrong\u003e1960\u003c\/strong\u003e at a rate of 1,000 old Pesos to 1 Escudo — an early sign of the inflation that would eventually consume it. The Escudo era (1960–1975) spanned \u003cstrong\u003eSalvador Allende's socialist government\u003c\/strong\u003e, the \u003cstrong\u003e1973 military coup\u003c\/strong\u003e led by Augusto Pinochet, and hyperinflation that rendered the currency worthless. By 1975, the Escudo was replaced by the new Peso at \u003cstrong\u003e1,000:1\u003c\/strong\u003e. This note, worth half an Escudo when issued, became a collector's artifact of one of Latin America's most dramatic political and economic upheavals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Chile\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Disputed — possibly from the Quechua \u003cem\u003echili\u003c\/em\u003e (\"where the land ends\") or the Mapuche word for the cold, deep valley of the Aconcagua River; in use since the 16th century\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name of Santiago:\u003c\/strong\u003e Named by Pedro de Valdivia on the feast day of Saint James (Santiago) the Apostle in 1541 — patron saint of Spain; full original name was \u003cem\u003eSantiago de Nueva Extremadura\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e Santiago — city pop. ~5.5 million; metro pop. ~8 million\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~19.5 million (UN 2024) — roughly the size of New York State and Pennsylvania combined\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 756,102 km² (291,933 mi²) — slightly larger than Texas; stretches 4,300 km north to south, averaging only 177 km wide\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGDP per capita (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePPP\u003c\/a\u003e):\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$28,000 (IMF 2024) — among the highest in Latin America\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e copper (world's largest producer), lithium, fruit, wine, fish meal, cellulose\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e Peru (north), Bolivia (northeast), Argentina (east); Pacific Ocean coastline to the west\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial\/spoken languages:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish (official); Mapudungun and other indigenous languages spoken by minorities\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicities:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/White_Chileans\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWhite and Mestizo\u003c\/a\u003e (~88%), \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mapuche\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMapuche\u003c\/a\u003e (~10%), other indigenous (~2%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMemberships:\u003c\/strong\u003e United Nations (founding member, 1945); Organization of American States (founding member, 1948); Pacific Alliance (founding member, 2011); APEC; WTO; OECD (2010)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish colonial rule (1540–1818); Independence declared: 12 February 1818; Republic established 1818–date; Military dictatorship under Pinochet (1973–1990); return to democracy 1990\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eChile Unfiltered\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile is the world's longest country\u003c\/strong\u003e — stretching 4,300 km from the Atacama Desert to Cape Horn, but averaging just 177 km wide.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile produces more copper than any other country on Earth\u003c\/strong\u003e — roughly 27% of global supply. The Escondida mine alone is the world's largest copper mine.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eThe Atacama Desert is the driest non-polar desert on Earth.\u003c\/strong\u003e Some weather stations there have never recorded rainfall.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile has more than 1,300 volcanoes\u003c\/strong\u003e — the second-highest concentration in the world — and sits on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The largest earthquake ever recorded (magnitude 9.5) struck southern Chile in 1960.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEaster Island (Rapa Nui) belongs to Chile\u003c\/strong\u003e — a remote Polynesian island 3,700 km off the coast, home to the famous \u003cem\u003emoai\u003c\/em\u003e statues.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile was the first country in South America to elect a socialist president by popular vote\u003c\/strong\u003e — Salvador Allende in 1970. He died during the 1973 coup. Pinochet's dictatorship lasted until 1990.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eChile's wine industry dates to the 16th century\u003c\/strong\u003e — today Chile is one of the world's top wine exporters, benefiting from Andean meltwater and Pacific breezes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOwn this note and hold a piece of Chile's most turbulent century — the liberator who gave everything and died in exile, the conquistador who crossed the Andes and found nothing, and the currency that hyperinflation erased. A beautifully engraved artifact from the southern tip of the Americas.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52646607946039,"sku":"CL134VF","price":2.99,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/134-134Ao.jpg?v=1783745380","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/chile-p-134-1-2-escudo-1962-75-very-fine-ohiggins-almagro","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}