{"product_id":"argentina-p325-10-australes-1985-1989-unc-r0303","title":"Argentina P325b 10 Australes 1986-1989 AU—Series B—Obscure President—R0303","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe 10 Australes features one of Argentina's most obscure presidents — a man who held office for less than two years before resigning into historical near-oblivion — on a note that itself barely lasted six years before the Austral collapsed into hyperinflationary history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFront\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e blue-grey dominant engraving; white background; golden-tan\/ochre feather and shell guilloche rosette at right; dark purple\/mauve numeral \"10\" overlay; orange rosette motif upper left\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePortrait of \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Santiago_Derqui\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eSantiago Derqui\u003c\/a\u003e at center — president of Argentina (1860–1861), successor to Urquiza in the Confederation\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eLarge stylized \"10\" numeral to right with purple\/mauve overlay and golden-tan guilloche rosette\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eLatent image BCRA in security panel at left\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eSeries B (suffix B on serial number)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcra.gob.ar\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElías Salama (ES)\u003c\/a\u003e, General Manager; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Machinea\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJosé Luis Machinea (JLM)\u003c\/a\u003e, President\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInscriptions: \u003cem\u003eBANCO CENTRAL DE LA REPUBLICA ARGENTINA \/ Diez Australes \/ Santiago Derqui\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eBack\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eColors:\u003c\/strong\u003e blue\/steel-blue dominant engraving; pink\/lavender underprint; white background; multicolor green, red, and orange geometric diamond strip at lower right\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAllegorical figure of Liberty (Progreso) seated at left-center, holding torch aloft and Argentine shield; coat of arms at her feet\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eDecorative scrollwork and laurel framing the central vignette\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eLarge numeral \"10\" at center-right\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInscriptions: \u003cem\u003eREPUBLICA ARGENTINA \/ Diez Australes \/ CASA DE MONEDA\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOther Characteristics\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVarieties:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003ea. Series A, ND (1986–1987), sig HAA\/JJAC\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003ear. Replacement (R1): Prefix R, suffix A, ND (1986–1987), sig HAA\/JJAC\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eb. Series A\/B\/C, ND (1987–1989), sig ES\/JLM — this note\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003ebr. Replacement (R2): Prefix R, suffix A, ND (1987–1989), sig ES\/JLM\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCatalog numbers:\u003c\/strong\u003e P-325b; Bottero# 2821–2825; Colantonio# 699; Numista N#203806\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eWatermark:\u003c\/strong\u003e Multiple sunbursts\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eComposition:\u003c\/strong\u003e Paper\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSize:\u003c\/strong\u003e 155 × 65 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIssuing entity:\u003c\/strong\u003e Central Bank of the Argentine Republic (Banco Central de la República Argentina)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePrinter:\u003c\/strong\u003e Casa de Moneda, Argentina\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDemonetized:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demonetization_(currency)\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e31 December 1991\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSignatures:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.bcra.gob.ar\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eElías Salama (ES)\u003c\/a\u003e, General Manager; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Machinea\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eJosé Luis Machinea (JLM)\u003c\/a\u003e, President\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCurrency:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argentine_austral\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eAustral\u003c\/a\u003e (1985–1991)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial language(s):\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAbout Argentina\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e From Latin \u003cem\u003eargentum\u003c\/em\u003e (silver), referencing the silver-rich Río de la Plata basin that lured Spanish conquistadors\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCapital:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buenos_Aires\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eBuenos Aires\u003c\/a\u003e (city pop. ~3.1 million; metro pop. ~15.5 million, UN 2023) — comparable to the greater Chicago metro\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOrigin of name:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish for \"good airs\" or \"fair winds,\" from the full colonial name \u003cem\u003eCiudad de la Santísima Trinidad y Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePopulation:\u003c\/strong\u003e ~46 million (UN 2023) — comparable to California and Texas combined\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eArea:\u003c\/strong\u003e 2,780,400 km² (1,073,500 mi²) — comparable to India, or roughly the size of the contiguous US west of the Mississippi\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eGDP per capita (\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Purchasing_power_parity\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePPP\u003c\/a\u003e):\u003c\/strong\u003e ~$25,000 (IMF 2024)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMain exports:\u003c\/strong\u003e Soybeans and soy products, corn, wheat, beef, lithium, crude oil\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBorders:\u003c\/strong\u003e Chile (west), Bolivia and Paraguay (north), Brazil and Uruguay (northeast); Atlantic Ocean (east)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eOfficial\/spoken language:\u003c\/strong\u003e Spanish\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEthnicities:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/European_Argentines\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eEuropean Argentines\u003c\/a\u003e (~97%, predominantly Italian and Spanish descent); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Indigenous_peoples_in_Argentina\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eIndigenous peoples\u003c\/a\u003e (~3%)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMemberships:\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_Nations\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eUN\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1945); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organization_of_American_States\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eOAS\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1948); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercosur\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMercosur\u003c\/a\u003e (founding member, 1991); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G20\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eG20\u003c\/a\u003e (1999); \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/World_Trade_Organization\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWTO\u003c\/a\u003e (1995)\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSovereignty:\u003c\/strong\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eViceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1810) — Spanish colonial administration\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eMay Revolution (1810) — beginning of independence movement\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eDeclaration of Independence (1816)\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eFederal Republic established (1861–date) — this note issued during this period\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eArgentina Unfiltered\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eArgentina has defaulted on its sovereign debt \u003cstrong\u003enine times\u003c\/strong\u003e — more than almost any other country in history; the Austral itself was introduced after the Peso Argentino collapsed under 3,000% inflation\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe country once had \u003cstrong\u003efive presidents in ten days\u003c\/strong\u003e (December 2001–January 2002) during its worst economic crisis\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eArgentina is the \u003cstrong\u003eworld's largest producer of yerba mate\u003c\/strong\u003e and consumes more of it per capita than any other nation\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eBuenos Aires has more \u003cstrong\u003epsychoanalysts per capita\u003c\/strong\u003e than any city on Earth — therapy is so embedded in culture it's called \u003cem\u003eel psicoanálisis argentino\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThe country has produced \u003cstrong\u003efive Nobel Prize winners\u003c\/strong\u003e, including two in medicine and one in peace\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eArgentina's \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patagonia\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePatagonia\u003c\/a\u003e region contains some of the world's largest untapped freshwater reserves and lithium deposits — resources that will define the 21st century\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eA Currency Born from Chaos\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBy 1985, Argentina's Peso Argentino had become nearly worthless. Inflation was running at over 1,000% annually. The government's answer was the \u003cstrong\u003eAustral\u003c\/strong\u003e — introduced on June 14, 1985, at a rate of 1,000 Pesos Argentinos to 1 Austral. It was a bold stroke of monetary surgery, accompanied by the \u003cem\u003ePlan Austral\u003c\/em\u003e — a shock stabilization program that briefly worked. Inflation fell from 1,129% in 1985 to 82% in 1986. But the underlying fiscal problems were never solved, and by 1989 inflation had returned with a vengeance, eventually reaching \u003cstrong\u003e3,079% in 1989\u003c\/strong\u003e — one of the worst hyperinflationary episodes in world history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eSantiago Derqui — The President History Forgot\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSantiago Derqui\u003c\/strong\u003e (1809–1867) served as president of Argentina from 1860 to 1861 — one of the shortest and most turbulent presidencies in the country's history. A lawyer and politician from Córdoba, he succeeded Urquiza as head of the Argentine Confederation just as Buenos Aires province was finally being reintegrated into the national fold. His presidency was immediately consumed by the conflict between the Confederation and Buenos Aires, culminating in the \u003cstrong\u003eBattle of Pavón\u003c\/strong\u003e (September 1861), where Confederation forces were defeated. Derqui resigned shortly after and went into exile in Montevideo, Uruguay, where he died in obscurity. He is one of the least-remembered figures in Argentine political history — which makes his appearance on a banknote all the more striking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eLiberty, Torch, and Shield\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe reverse carries the same allegorical \u003cstrong\u003eLiberty\u003c\/strong\u003e figure that runs through the entire Austral series — robed, seated, torch raised, Argentine shield at her side. By the time this Series B note was issued in 1987–1989, the Austral was already under severe pressure. The Plan Austral had bought time but not salvation. Liberty's torch on the reverse reads less like a triumph and more like a stubborn refusal to give up — which, in the context of Argentine monetary history, is itself a kind of heroism.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eOwn this Series B 10 Australes in UNC condition — signed by Salama and Machinea, the last pair of Austral-era officials, on a note featuring one of Argentina's most forgotten presidents and the republic's most enduring allegorical image.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"World Money Store","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":52437271249207,"sku":"AR325bAU","price":0.59,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0969\/7165\/3431\/files\/325-series-B-o.jpg?v=1781093913","url":"https:\/\/worldmoneystore.com\/products\/argentina-p325-10-australes-1985-1989-unc-r0303","provider":"World Money Store","version":"1.0","type":"link"}